Menisci are C-shaped fibrocartilage structures located on the inner (medial) and outer (lateral) sides of the knee. They act as shock absorbers to protect the knee joint, regulate load distribution, and contribute to joint stability. Meniscus tears can result from acute sports injuries or age-related degenerative processes.

Typical symptoms of a meniscus tear include knee pain, swelling, locking sensation, and difficulty with full extension or flexion. Pain is particularly noticeable when going up or down stairs or in a squatting position. During physical examination, tenderness along the joint line, McMurray and Thessaly tests provide diagnostic clues.

Not every meniscus tear requires surgery. Treatment decisions are based on the type of tear (longitudinal, radial, horizontal, complex), size, location, and the patient's symptoms and activity level. Small, stable tears in the outer third (red zone) can heal with conservative treatment, which includes rest, ice application, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy.

When surgical treatment is needed, arthroscopic methods are preferred. Meniscus repair is the priority, especially in young patients and tears in the red zone. Partial meniscectomy is performed when the meniscus cannot be preserved. In recent years, the importance of meniscus-preserving surgery has increased, with a growing understanding that the meniscus is critical for long-term knee joint health.